Episode 101 ~2:00 Materials

Aluminium vs steel enclosures

Corrosion, weight, machinability, cost. How a coastal Jeddah project picks differently from a Riyadh inland one, and the math you should run before specifying.

Animated explainer, press play to watch the concepts now; the filmed cut publishes once production wraps.

What you'll walk away with

01

Aluminium is 1/3 the weight, 1/3 the stiffness.

To match a 1.5 mm steel panel's bending stiffness, you need ~2.4 mm aluminium. The weight savings shrink as the wall gets thicker, and cost rises with it.

02

Aluminium oxide is the paint that paints itself.

The native oxide self-heals scratches at 4–8 µm. In Saudi coastal air it beats any factory coat on bare steel for long-term protection.

03

Steel costs 1/3 of aluminium per kg.

Carbon steel material is one-third the kg-price of aluminium. For an inland MV cubicle in a substation, painted steel wins decisively on capex.

04

Galvanic corrosion sinks mixed enclosures.

An aluminium door on a steel frame at the coast becomes a battery. Use nylon isolators or pick one metal end-to-end. A handful of bolts decides the lifespan.

Aluminium vs steel × decision factors

Weight, strength, corrosion, cost, what changes when you swap material.

PropertySteel (S235)Aluminium (6063-T5)
Density7.85 g/cm³2.70 g/cm³ (~1/3)
Yield strength235 MPa145-185 MPa
Young's modulus200 GPa69 GPa (~1/3)
Thermal conductivity50 W/m·K200 W/m·K (~4×)
Corrosion (untreated, coastal)Fails in months20+ years (self-passivates)
Material cost per kg1.0× ref3-4× ref
Coating required outdoorsAlwaysOptional (anodise for premium)

Five decisions that ride on material choice

Aluminium is not always lighter, cheaper or better. Match it to the job.

Aluminium is 1/3 the weight, 1/3 the stiffness.

To match a 2 mm steel panel's stiffness you need ~2.9 mm aluminium. The weight savings shrink from 65% to ~50%. The cost savings disappear. Buy aluminium for corrosion, not weight.

Heat dissipation: aluminium wins, period.

LED heatsinks, electronics chassis, anything thermally critical, aluminium's 4× thermal conductivity is decisive. A steel LED heatsink runs 25-35°C hotter than aluminium under the same load.

Galvanic corrosion bites at the joint.

Aluminium + steel + Saudi humidity = a battery. The aluminium becomes the sacrificial anode and dissolves. Isolate with nylon washers, EPDM gaskets, or zinc-rich primer. Never bolt bare aluminium to bare steel outdoors.

Welding: aluminium needs gear, training, and patience.

The 6XXX series welds with TIG/AC, but the heat-affected zone drops from T5 temper to T0 (anneal). Designs must assume as-welded strength, not parent metal. Steel welds are forgiving in comparison.

Anodise is not paint on aluminium.

It's a controlled oxide layer 5-25 μm thick, integral to the substrate. Type II (decorative) lasts 15-20 years. Type III (hard anodise) wears like ceramic. For outdoor luminaire bodies, Type II at 20 μm gives sea-front durability.

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