Episode 16 ~2:10 Design EN · العربية

From goniometer to DIALux, how a fixture becomes a model

A photometric file isn't a brochure. It's a measured map of intensity in candela at every angle around the fixture. The goniophotometer measures it; DIALux models with it. Both are how a fixture becomes a design, not a guess.

Animated explainer, press play to watch the concepts now; the filmed cut publishes once production wraps.

What you'll walk away with

Four ideas to carry into the next specification conversation you have.

01

Goniophotometer = a robot with a luxmeter.

A two-axis arm rotates a calibrated detector around the fixture. Every 1–5° it logs candela. Output: 1,000–10,000 data points.

02

Two coordinate systems: B-gamma and C-gamma.

B-gamma for car headlights, sports field projectors. C-gamma for almost everything else (downlights, streetlights, panels). Confusing the two breaks your DIALux model.

03

IES vs LDT, same data, different format.

IES = North American (IESNA). LDT = European (EULUMDAT). DIALux reads both. Premium fixtures ship both files.

04

DIALux models lux, glare, uniformity, energy.

Free software, German engineering. The industry standard. Every NLC fixture ships with a DIALux-ready file.

What lives in an IES file

Fields per IES LM-63-2019; commercial DIALux/AGi32 software uses all of them.

Field What it carries Why it matters
TILTMounting tilt (NONE / line / file)Streetlight aim correction
Number of lampsCount of light sourcesBulb/source modelling
Lumens per lampSource lumen outputValidates total flux
Candela multiplierScaling factor (usually 1.0)Re-scale for different flux
Horizontal anglesNumber of phi (C) anglesResolution around fixture
Vertical anglesNumber of theta (γ) anglesResolution above/below
Photometric type1 (Type C) / 2 (Type B) / 3 (Type A)Coordinate system
Candela gridIntensity at every (C, γ)The actual photometry
Ballast factorDriver dimming referenceUpdates real-world output
Input wattsTotal fixture powerEfficacy calculation

From measurement to model

Five things to know about photometric files and how to read them.

Far-field goniometers need 30+ metres.

For an accurate measurement the detector must be in the fixture's far field, typically 5–30 m depending on aperture. Major LED makers have purpose-built labs (Independent Testing Labs in Massachusetts, ITL in Australia, LISUN in China). Look for an LM-79 report from an ISO-accredited lab.

LM-79 vs LM-80, different tests entirely.

LM-79 measures total luminous flux, efficacy, CCT, CRI, chromaticity. LM-80 measures lumen maintenance over time (3,000–10,000 hours of aging data, used to project L70 life). A spec citing only LM-79 is incomplete.

Absolute vs relative photometry.

Old fluorescent files used relative photometry, lumens from a separate lamp test, candela distribution from the fixture. LEDs use absolute photometry, both measured together, since the LED and fixture are inseparable. LM-79 mandates absolute.

DIALux limitations to know.

DIALux models direct light + 1st-bounce inter-reflection well. It struggles with specular surfaces (polished marble, mirrors) and complex daylight. For atriums, malls, museums, switch to AGi32 or Relux for proper ray-tracing.

Always validate the model on site.

A DIALux report predicts ±10% lux. A real commissioning measurement should match within ±15% (accounting for paint variance, MF, and meter accuracy). Discrepancy > 25% means re-check the IES file, the room geometry, or the fixture install, something is wrong.

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